Evidence-Based Care

Our clinical protocols

Bidwell Health clinicians follow published peer-reviewed guidelines from national professional societies. This page lists the protocols, first-line medications, and referral criteria currently documented for Bidwell Health's core online visit types.

Guidelines

Condition-by-condition protocols

Urinary tract infection (uncomplicated lower UTI)

ICD-10: N39.0 · Primary source: Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)

For uncomplicated lower UTIs in non-pregnant adult women with classic symptoms, IDSA guidelines support empirical antibiotic treatment without requiring a urine culture. Our clinicians follow this empiric-treatment pathway, selecting first-line agents based on local resistance patterns and patient history.

First-line medications

Reserved / not used first-line

Referral criteria

We refer patients to in-person care with any of: fever over 101°F, flank pain, visible blood in urine, nausea or vomiting, pregnancy, recurrent UTIs (>3 per year), history of stones or urologic surgery, immunosuppression, or male patient. These situations require urine culture and often imaging.

Read the IDSA UTI guideline →   How Bidwell decides if UTI antibiotics are appropriate →

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection)

ICD-10: B37.3 · Primary source: CDC STI Treatment Guidelines · American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG)

For uncomplicated candidiasis in patients with classic symptoms, CDC and ACOG guidelines support empirical treatment. Our intake screens for recurrence (>4 episodes/year), pregnancy, diabetes, and immunosuppression — any of which changes the treatment pathway.

First-line medications

Referral criteria

We refer for in-person evaluation if the patient is pregnant, has >4 episodes per year (recurrent VVC), is immunosuppressed, has uncontrolled diabetes, has unusual discharge suggesting a different diagnosis, or has failed prior empiric therapy.

Read the CDC Candidiasis guideline →   Read the ACOG Vaginitis bulletin →

Bacterial vaginosis

ICD-10: N76.0 · Primary source: CDC STI Treatment Guidelines

CDC recommends treatment for all symptomatic BV. Our intake uses the patient-reported symptom pattern (thin grayish-white discharge, fishy odor worsening after intercourse, minimal itching) as the basis for empirical treatment in symptomatic non-pregnant patients.

First-line medications

Referral criteria

We refer for in-person care if the patient is pregnant (different dosing considerations), has concurrent STI symptoms, is post-gynecologic surgery, or is experiencing recurrent BV (>3 episodes/year) requiring suppressive therapy.

Read the CDC BV guideline →

Erectile dysfunction

ICD-10: F52.21 · Primary source: American Urological Association (AUA)

AUA guidelines call for cardiovascular risk assessment before prescribing PDE5 inhibitors. Our intake screens for nitrate use, recent cardiovascular events, uncontrolled hypertension, and significant comorbidities before any PDE5 inhibitor is prescribed.

First-line medications (PDE5 inhibitors)

Absolute contraindications

Referral criteria

We refer for in-person urology or cardiology workup if the patient has new ED under age 40, chest pain or shortness of breath on exertion, known cardiovascular disease with uncontrolled status, Peyronie's disease symptoms, priapism history, or has failed maximum-dose PDE5 trial.

Read the AUA ED guideline →

Androgenetic alopecia (pattern hair loss)

ICD-10: L64.9 · Primary source: American Academy of Dermatology (AAD)

AAD clinical materials support first-line pharmacotherapy with finasteride and topical minoxidil for men, and topical minoxidil (with consideration of oral minoxidil or spironolactone) for women. Diagnosis is primarily clinical based on pattern and family history.

First-line medications

Referral criteria

We refer for in-person dermatology evaluation if there is patchy hair loss (alopecia areata), scarring alopecia, sudden-onset telogen effluvium following illness or medication, scalp inflammation, or signs of autoimmune disease that would change the differential.

Read the AAD hair loss resources →

Eyelash growth (hypotrichosis)

ICD-10: H02.729 · Primary source: DailyMed/FDA prescribing information for Latisse (bimatoprost ophthalmic solution) 0.03%

DailyMed labeling describes bimatoprost ophthalmic solution 0.03% as a prescription treatment for hypotrichosis of the eyelashes, increasing eyelash growth including length, thickness, and darkness. Bidwell reviews eyelash growth visits for eligible adults ages 18-64 and does not guarantee treatment.

Medication reviewed

Referral criteria

We refer for in-person eye care or primary care if the patient has glaucoma or elevated eye-pressure history requiring ophthalmology management, active eye redness or pain, vision changes, eye infection, eyelid inflammation, recent eye surgery, uncertain diagnosis, pregnancy or breastfeeding, or any symptom pattern suggesting the visit is not cosmetic eyelash hypotrichosis.

Read the DailyMed Latisse label →

Oral and genital herpes (prior diagnosis)

ICD-10: B00.9 · Primary sources: CDC STI Treatment Guidelines and DailyMed valacyclovir labeling

CDC guidance supports antiviral therapy for recurrent genital herpes and describes episodic and suppressive treatment approaches. Bidwell treats only adults ages 18-64 who already have a prior oral or genital herpes diagnosis from a healthcare provider. Bidwell does not diagnose new herpes infections online and does not provide STI testing.

Medication reviewed

Not offered through this visit

Referral criteria

We refer for in-person care for a first-ever outbreak, uncertain diagnosis, lesions near the eye, eye redness or vision changes, severe illness, neurologic symptoms, immunocompromising conditions, pregnancy or breastfeeding, severe genital pain, urinary retention, suspected STI exposure needing testing, or any presentation that requires exam or lab confirmation.

Read the CDC Herpes guideline →   Read the DailyMed Valtrex label →

Bridge refills for chronic medications

Not a diagnosis · Primary source: American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) continuity-of-care standards

AAFP continuity standards recognize that short-term bridge refills are appropriate when a patient with a stable chronic condition is temporarily without access to their regular prescriber (travel, insurance gap, primary-care transition). Bridge refills are short, documented, and explicitly time-limited.

Medications we bridge

What bridge visits do not do

Referral criteria

We require the patient to establish or re-establish a primary care relationship for ongoing management. We refer back to primary care or specialty care for any dose change, any new or uncontrolled symptoms, any medication outside the bridgeable list, or any sign that the underlying chronic condition needs reassessment.

Read the AAFP chronic care resources →

Travel medicine

Travel medicine protocols

Bidwell Cranage is a Member of the International Society of Travel Medicine and shares personal travel experience on some destination pages, but every prescribing decision here follows the clinical guidelines, drug labels, and licensure below, not lived experience. We prescribe only what is appropriate for an asynchronous visit and refer the rest to a travel clinic. The same scope is published in machine-readable form at /data/travel-medicine-scope.json.

Motion sickness (prevention)

ICD-10: T75.3 · Primary source: CDC Yellow Book · DailyMed (Transderm Scop label)

For adults who get seasick, carsick, or airsick, we prescribe a transdermal scopolamine patch for prevention, started before travel. We screen for anticholinergic contraindications and the FDA June 2025 heat warning, and prescribe only to adults 18 to 64, which excludes the children under 17 and adults over 60 the FDA flagged as highest heat risk.

First-line medications

Reserved / not used first-line

Referral criteria

We refer for allergy to scopolamine or belladonna alkaloids, narrow-angle glaucoma, significant prostate or urinary-retention problems, bowel obstruction, myasthenia gravis, pregnancy or breastfeeding, or anyone who must drive or operate a boat, aircraft, or machinery while wearing it. We counsel on the FDA heat and reduced-sweating warning.

CDC Yellow Book →   Motion sickness service →

Altitude sickness (acute mountain sickness prevention)

ICD-10: T70.20 · Primary source: Wilderness Medical Society 2024 Acute Altitude Illness guidelines · CDC Yellow Book · DailyMed (acetazolamide label)

For travel to sleeping altitudes above roughly 8,000 ft, especially with rapid ascent or prior altitude illness, we prescribe acetazolamide to speed acclimatization. Gradual ascent remains the primary prevention; the medication supplements it and does not replace descent when warning signs appear.

First-line medications

Contraindications / not used

Referral criteria

We refer for the contraindications above, significant heart or lung disease, pregnancy or breastfeeding, or active warning signs of severe altitude illness (confusion, trouble walking, breathlessness at rest, cough with frothy spit). Those mean descend and seek emergency care, not more medication.

Read the WMS 2024 altitude guideline →   Altitude sickness service →

Traveler's diarrhea (standby antibiotic)

ICD-10: A09 · Primary source: CDC Yellow Book · DailyMed (azithromycin label)

For travel to higher food-and-water-risk regions, we prescribe a standby azithromycin course to carry and start only for moderate-to-severe illness. Following CDC guidance, antibiotics are reserved for significant illness, not every loose stool, and oral rehydration is the primary treatment.

First-line medications

Reserved / not used first-line

Referral criteria

We refer for macrolide allergy, long-QT or QT-prolonging medicines, myasthenia gravis, severe liver disease, pregnancy, or anyone currently sick with bloody diarrhea, high fever, inability to keep fluids down, or diarrhea during or after a recent course of antibiotics (possible C. difficile). Those need in-person care.

CDC Yellow Book →   Traveler's diarrhea service →

Malaria prevention (chemoprophylaxis)

ICD-10: Z29.8 · Primary source: CDC Yellow Book and CDC Malaria Information by Country · DailyMed

We match the drug to current CDC guidance for the patient's exact destination and dates, and prescribe only the two options safe to manage through an asynchronous visit. Pills do not replace mosquito-bite avoidance, which we counsel on every visit.

First-line medications

Not prescribed (referred out)

Referral criteria

We refer any trip where the CDC does not list doxycycline or Malarone for a stop, any itinerary needing mefloquine, primaquine, or tafenoquine, and pregnancy or breastfeeding. Drug routing: avoid doxycycline with isotretinoin, avoid Malarone in severe kidney disease, use Malarone for a tetracycline allergy, and use doxycycline for an atovaquone or proguanil allergy.

CDC Yellow Book →   Malaria prevention service →   How we decide →

Epinephrine auto-injector (refill for a known severe allergy)

ICD-10: Z87.892 · Primary source: DailyMed (epinephrine auto-injector label) · AAAAI anaphylaxis guidance

A refill, replacement, or travel-backup service for adults with a diagnosed severe allergy or a prior auto-injector prescription. It is not for diagnosing a new allergy or for an active reaction.

First-line medications

Not prescribed

Referral criteria

We refer anyone with no prior diagnosis or device, an active reaction now (use epinephrine and call 911), a wish for allergy testing or a new diagnosis, or pregnancy or breastfeeding (we refer the refill, though epinephrine remains first-line in anaphylaxis regardless). Asthma and stable heart disease do not disqualify a patient; asthmatics are at highest risk and most need the device.

AAAAI anaphylaxis guidance →   Epinephrine refill service →

Process

How protocols are applied

Every intake is read by a licensed clinician — not auto-approved by a rules engine. The intake form is designed around the decision criteria above: it asks the specific questions a clinician would use to determine whether a patient fits the empirical-treatment protocol, or whether they need to be referred out.

If anything in the intake falls outside protocol (a symptom pattern that suggests something we don't treat, a contraindication, a red-flag finding, a medication interaction) the provider messages you inside your portal or refunds the visit. We don't prescribe outside protocol to force a fit.

Meet the providers who review your visit →

Conditions, medications, and red flags — all handled per the protocols above.

Start Your Visit →
By Bidwell Cranage, APRN, FNP-C, AANP board-certified Family Nurse Practitioner · Clinically reviewed by Ashley Cranage, APRN, FNP-C.
Last reviewed: May 29, 2026
Start my visit · $45