Evidence-Based Care

Our clinical protocols

Bidwell Health clinicians follow published peer-reviewed guidelines from national professional societies. This page lists the specific protocols, first-line medications, and referral criteria we use for every condition we treat.

Guidelines

Condition-by-condition protocols

Urinary tract infection (uncomplicated lower UTI)

ICD-10: N39.0 · Primary source: Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)

For uncomplicated lower UTIs in non-pregnant adult women with classic symptoms, IDSA guidelines support empirical antibiotic treatment without requiring a urine culture. Our nurse practitioners follow this empiric-treatment pathway, selecting first-line agents based on local resistance patterns and patient history.

First-line medications

Reserved / not used first-line

Referral criteria

We refer patients to in-person care with any of: fever over 101°F, flank pain, visible blood in urine, nausea or vomiting, pregnancy, recurrent UTIs (>3 per year), history of stones or urologic surgery, immunosuppression, or male patient. These situations require urine culture and often imaging.

Read the IDSA UTI guideline →

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection)

ICD-10: B37.3 · Primary source: CDC STI Treatment Guidelines · American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG)

For uncomplicated candidiasis in patients with classic symptoms, CDC and ACOG guidelines support empirical treatment. Our intake screens for recurrence (>4 episodes/year), pregnancy, diabetes, and immunosuppression — any of which changes the treatment pathway.

First-line medications

Referral criteria

We refer for in-person evaluation if the patient is pregnant, has >4 episodes per year (recurrent VVC), is immunosuppressed, has uncontrolled diabetes, has unusual discharge suggesting a different diagnosis, or has failed prior empiric therapy.

Read the CDC Candidiasis guideline →

Bacterial vaginosis

ICD-10: N76.0 · Primary source: CDC STI Treatment Guidelines

CDC recommends treatment for all symptomatic BV. Our intake uses the patient-reported symptom pattern (thin grayish-white discharge, fishy odor worsening after intercourse, minimal itching) as the basis for empirical treatment in symptomatic non-pregnant patients.

First-line medications

Referral criteria

We refer for in-person care if the patient is pregnant (different dosing considerations), has concurrent STI symptoms, is post-gynecologic surgery, or is experiencing recurrent BV (>3 episodes/year) requiring suppressive therapy.

Read the CDC BV guideline →

Erectile dysfunction

ICD-10: F52.21 · Primary source: American Urological Association (AUA)

AUA guidelines call for cardiovascular risk assessment before prescribing PDE5 inhibitors. Our intake screens for nitrate use, recent cardiovascular events, uncontrolled hypertension, and significant comorbidities before any PDE5 inhibitor is prescribed.

First-line medications (PDE5 inhibitors)

Absolute contraindications

Referral criteria

We refer for in-person urology or cardiology workup if the patient has new ED under age 40, chest pain or shortness of breath on exertion, known cardiovascular disease with uncontrolled status, Peyronie's disease symptoms, priapism history, or has failed maximum-dose PDE5 trial.

Read the AUA ED guideline →

Androgenetic alopecia (pattern hair loss)

ICD-10: L64.9 · Primary source: American Academy of Dermatology (AAD)

AAD clinical materials support first-line pharmacotherapy with finasteride and topical minoxidil for men, and topical minoxidil (with consideration of oral minoxidil or spironolactone) for women. Diagnosis is primarily clinical based on pattern and family history.

First-line medications

Referral criteria

We refer for in-person dermatology evaluation if there is patchy hair loss (alopecia areata), scarring alopecia, sudden-onset telogen effluvium following illness or medication, scalp inflammation, or signs of autoimmune disease that would change the differential.

Read the AAD hair loss resources →

Bridge refills for chronic medications

Not a diagnosis · Primary source: American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) continuity-of-care standards

AAFP continuity standards recognize that short-term bridge refills are appropriate when a patient with a stable chronic condition is temporarily without access to their regular prescriber (travel, insurance gap, primary-care transition). Bridge refills are short, documented, and explicitly time-limited.

Medications we bridge

What bridge visits do not do

Referral criteria

We require the patient to establish or re-establish a primary care relationship for ongoing management. We refer back to primary care or specialty care for any dose change, any new or uncontrolled symptoms, any medication outside the bridgeable list, or any sign that the underlying chronic condition needs reassessment.

Read the AAFP chronic care resources →

Process

How protocols are applied

Every intake is read by a licensed nurse practitioner — not auto-approved by a rules engine. The intake form is designed around the decision criteria above: it asks the specific questions a clinician would use to determine whether a patient fits the empirical-treatment protocol, or whether they need to be referred out.

If anything in the intake falls outside protocol (a symptom pattern that suggests something we don't treat, a contraindication, a red-flag finding, a medication interaction) the provider messages you inside your portal or refunds the visit. We don't prescribe outside protocol to force a fit.

Meet the providers who review your visit →

Conditions, medications, and red flags — all handled per the protocols above.

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By Bidwell Cranage, APRN, FNP-C, AANP board-certified Family Nurse Practitioner · Clinically reviewed.
Last reviewed: April 20, 2026
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